The Silent Struggle
High functioning depression, also known as dysthymia or persistent depressive disorder (PDD), is a type of chronic depression where individuals manage to maintain their daily responsibilities despite experiencing persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness. Unlike major depressive disorder, high functioning depression can be harder to recognize because the symptoms are less severe and the affected individuals appear to be functioning normally.
This blog discusses high functioning depression. It covers symptoms, causes, and how to recognize and seek help if you or someone you know may have it.
What is High Functioning Depression?
High functioning depression is characterised by a persistent low mood that lasts for at least two years in adults (one year in children and adolescents). Despite this prolonged sadness, individuals with high functioning depression are often able to carry out their daily activities, maintain relationships, and meet work or school obligations. However, their quality of life is significantly impacted as they constantly battle with underlying feelings of emptiness and fatigue.
Key Characteristics
Chronic Duration: The depressive symptoms last for a prolonged period, typically two years or more.
Milder Symptoms: The symptoms are less intense than major depressive disorder but are long-lasting and can disrupt daily life.
Functional Capability: Individuals maintain their responsibilities and appear to function normally, masking their internal struggles.
Symptoms of High Functioning Depression
Recognizing high functioning depression can be challenging because the symptoms are often subtle and persist over a long period. Here are some common symptoms:
Persistent Sadness: This is more than just feeling down occasionally; it’s a pervasive sense of unhappiness that colors every aspect of life. It’s the feeling that something is missing or that life lacks joy.
Fatigue: This isn’t just tiredness from a busy day or week. It’s a chronic exhaustion that doesn’t go away with rest. Even after a full night’s sleep, individuals may feel worn out and lack the energy to engage in daily activities.
Low Self-Esteem: Individuals with high functioning depression often have a negative self-view. They may feel inadequate, unworthy, or like they are not living up to their potential. This can lead to feelings of guilt or shame.
Difficulty Concentrating: This can manifest as trouble focusing on tasks, forgetfulness, or an inability to make decisions. It can affect work performance, academic success, and personal relationships.
Changes in Sleep Patterns: This can include insomnia, where individuals have trouble falling or staying asleep, or hypersomnia, where they sleep excessively but still feel tired.
Appetite Changes: Some people may lose their appetite and interest in food, leading to weight loss. Others may overeat as a way to cope with their feelings, leading to weight gain.
Lack of Interest: This is known as anhedonia, the inability to find pleasure in activities once enjoyed. Hobbies, social interactions, and even daily routines can feel burdensome and unfulfilling.
Irritability: Small things that wouldn’t usually bother someone can lead to significant frustration and anger. This can strain relationships and make social interactions challenging.
Causes of High Functioning Depression
The exact cause of high functioning depression is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors.
Genetics: A family history of depression can increase the risk. If a close relative has had depression, there is a higher likelihood of developing it.
Brain Chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters, which are chemicals in the brain that regulate mood, may play a role. Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are often implicated in mood disorders.
Environmental Factors: Stressful life events, trauma, or chronic stress can contribute to the development of depression. This includes experiences such as the loss of a loved one, a difficult relationship, or financial problems.
Personality Traits: Certain personality traits, such as perfectionism or excessive self-criticism, may increase vulnerability. Individuals who are overly critical of themselves or have a tendency to focus on their flaws may be more prone to depression.
In-Depth Look at Contributing Factors
Genetics and Family History: Studies have shown that depression can run in families, suggesting a genetic component. If a parent or sibling has experienced depression, it can increase your risk. However, it’s not just genetics; shared environmental factors and learned behaviors also play a role.
Brain Chemistry and Hormonal Imbalances: Neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine are crucial in mood regulation. An imbalance in these chemicals can lead to depression. Hormonal changes, such as those related to thyroid problems or menopause, can also contribute to depressive symptoms.
Environmental Stressors: Life events such as trauma, loss, or chronic stress can trigger depression. Even ongoing, less intense stressors like workplace dissatisfaction or prolonged caregiving can have a significant impact over time.
Psychological Factors: How we perceive and respond to life events can affect our mental health. People with certain personality traits, such as high sensitivity to rejection or an excessive need for approval, may be more susceptible to depression.
Recognizing High Functioning Depression
Because individuals with high functioning depression appear to manage their lives effectively, it can be difficult to recognize the condition in oneself or others. Here are some signs that may indicate high functioning depression:
Constant Low Mood: You feel down or empty most of the time, but you dismiss it as a normal part of life.
Difficulty Enjoying Life: Activities and hobbies that used to bring joy no longer do.
Persistent Fatigue: You feel tired all the time, even with enough sleep.
Going Through the Motions: You complete daily tasks and responsibilities but without any real engagement or enthusiasm.
Perfectionism: You set excessively high standards for yourself and are overly critical of your performance.
Feeling Overwhelmed: You often feel overwhelmed by everyday tasks and responsibilities.
Self-Assessment Tips
Journaling: Keeping a daily journal of your moods, thoughts, and activities can help identify patterns and persistent low moods.
Honest Reflection: Take time to reflect on how you feel versus how you think you should feel. Are you genuinely happy or just getting by?
Feedback from Trusted Friends/Family: Sometimes those close to us can see changes or patterns in our behavior that we might miss. Don’t hesitate to ask for their observations.
Seeking Help for High Functioning Depression
If you suspect that you or someone you know might be experiencing high functioning depression, it is important to seek professional help. Here are some steps to consider:
Consult a Mental Health Professional: A psychologist, psychiatrist, or licensed therapist can provide a proper diagnosis and develop a treatment plan.
Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of psychotherapy can help address negative thought patterns and develop coping strategies.
Medication: Antidepressants may be prescribed to help manage symptoms. It is important to discuss the potential benefits and side effects with a healthcare provider.
Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, a healthy diet, sufficient sleep, and stress management techniques can improve overall well-being.
Support System: Building a strong support network of family and friends can provide emotional support and encouragement.
Call Innate Therapies Today
High functioning depression can be difficult to recognize and diagnose due to its subtle symptoms and the ability of individuals to maintain their daily responsibilities. However, it is a serious condition that can significantly impact one’s quality of life.
If you suspect that you or someone you know may be experiencing high functioning depression, it is crucial to seek professional help. With proper treatment and support, individuals can manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being. Remember, acknowledging the struggle is the first step towards healing.
Recognizing the signs of high functioning depression in yourself or others is critical. If left unaddressed, it can lead to more severe mental health issues. Early intervention can prevent the worsening of symptoms and promote better mental health.
If you or someone you know is struggling, don’t hesitate to reach out for help. There is hope and help available, and taking that first step can make all the difference.
